Influência de variáveis físicas na produção da lacase e biomassa micelial de basidiomicetos amazônicos e de sua interação

Abstract

Fungi have vital role in primary production systems and to maintain fungal diversity in ecosystems is very important to understand the mechanisms of biology and ecology of monocultures and fungal interactions. The use of these microorganisms in industrial and biotechnological area may occur by its mycelial biomass or even by isolated macromolecules. Basidiomycete are laccases producers that have a large potential application in the industry due to the wide range of substrates that can oxidize, as well their use in the hydrolysis of lignocellulose-products in fermentation processes, biofuel production, among other applications. In this work, was studied the influence of physical variables in the growth of mycelium, Laccase production and mycelial biomass of the following fungi Hexagonia glabra (UEA201), Pycnoporus sanguineus (UEA209), Trametes lactinea (UEA202) and their interaction, preserved in the collection of University of the State of Amazonas, and evaluate the ability of these fungi to biodegrade polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons present in diesel. BDA and BD microbiological growth media were used at 28 °C at pH 5. Changes were observed in mycelial growth and biomass production in different light regimes tested, and, for all the isolates, continuous light induced a higher mycelial growth and increased production of fungal biomass in a shorter period of time. The results of the morphological analysis of fungal interactions, showed that the growth of T. lactinea was inhibited by H. glabra growth, however, they grow on the fungus P. sanguineus, formating the overlap zone. It was also found that there was no morphological differences in the different light regimes. Changes were observed in laccase production in all temperatures and weather regimes in twenty-two days of collection, showing that all basidiomycetous produced laccase enzyme in all temperatures and photoperiods used. In all brightness schemes temperature of 30 °C with incubation for 60 minutes gave highest yield of laccase and beside the temperatures used, the system of continuous light, showed better enzyme production with all fungi tested. Experiments with redox indicator showed that only the fungus H. glabra and the consortium were able to biodegrade the diesel within 48 hours.